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''Vrij Nederland'' (Free Netherlands) is a Dutch magazine which was established during the German occupation of the Netherlands in World War II as an underground newspaper but has since grown into a magazine. The weekly magazine is generally considered to be intellectually left-wing. It is conventionally considered to be one of the four most influential written media in its sector, along with ''HP/De Tijd'', ''De Groene Amsterdammer'' and ''Elsevier''. The first issue was published on 31 August 1940. The chief editors have included: *1940-1942: Frans Hofker *1941-1950: Henk van Randwijk *1950-1955: Johan Winkler *1955-1969: *1969-1991: Rinus Ferdinandusse *1991-1997: Joop van Tijn *1998-2000: Oscar Garschagen *2001-2004: Xandra Schutte *2004-2005: Gerard van Westerloo (interim) *2005-2008: Emile Fallaux *2008–present: Frits van Exter The circulations have decreased from 1945 on, but had an increase in the 1970s: *1945: 109.000 *1947: 32.000 *1951: 35.000 *1955: 19.000 *1960: 23.000 *1965: 36.950 *1970: 81.378 *1975: 109.381 *1978: 117.165 *1980: 111.857 *1985: 97.132 *1990: 76.947 *2000: 55.947 *2001: 53.669 (-4,1%) *2002: 53.413 (-0,5%) *2003: 52.868 (-1,0%) *2004: 50.124 (-5,2%) *2005: 49.244 (-1,8%) *2006: 47.082 (-4,4%) *2007: 46.671 (-0,9%) *2008: 44.115 (-5,5%) *2009: 44.860 (+1,7%) *2010: 48.353 (+7,8%) *2011: 45.534 (-5,8%) *2012: 40.872 (-10,2%) *2013: 35.649 (-12,8%) ==External links== * 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「Vrij Nederland」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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